Everything about Address Bus totally explained
An
address bus is a
computer bus, used by
CPUs or
DMA-capable units for communicating the physical addresses of computer memory elements/locations that the requesting unit wants to access (read/write).
The width of an address bus, along with the size of addressable memory elements, determines how much memory can be accessed. For example, a
16-bit wide address bus (commonly used in the
8-bit processors of the 1970s and early 1980s) reaches across 2
16 = 65,536 = 64
Ki memory locations, whereas a
32-bit address bus (common in PC processors
as of 2004) can address 2
32 = 4,294,967,296 = 4
Gi locations.
In most
microcomputers such addressable "locations" are 8-bit
bytes. In such case the above examples translate to 64
kibibytes (KiB) and 4
gibibytes (GiB) respectively. Historically, there were also some examples of computers, which were able to address only areas of a larger size (
words), such as 16, 32, 36 bits long.
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